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<?php
/**
* EasyRdf
*
* LICENSE
*
* Copyright (c) 2009-2026 Nicholas J Humfrey. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author 'Nicholas J Humfrey" may be used to endorse or
* promote products derived from this software without specific prior
* written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @package EasyRdf
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2009-2026 Nicholas J Humfrey
* @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
*/
/**
* Class to serialise an EasyRdf_Graph to N-Triples
* with no external dependancies.
*
* @package EasyRdf
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2009-2026 Nicholas J Humfrey
* @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
*/
class EasyRdf_Serialiser_Ntriples extends EasyRdf_Serialiser
{
private $escChars = array(); // Character encoding cache
/**
* @ignore
*/
protected function escapeString($str)
{
if (strpos(utf8_decode(str_replace('?', '', $str)), '?') === false) {
$str = utf8_decode($str);
}
$result = '';
$strLen = strlen($str);
for ($i = 0; $i < $strLen; $i++) {
$c = $str[$i];
if (!isset($this->escChars[$c])) {
$this->escChars[$c] = $this->escapedChar($c);
}
$result .= $this->escChars[$c];
}
return $result;
}
/**
* @ignore
*/
protected function unicodeCharNo($c)
{
$cUtf = utf8_encode($c);
$bl = strlen($cUtf); /* binary length */
$r = 0;
switch ($bl) {
case 1: /* 0####### (0-127) */
$r = ord($cUtf);
break;
case 2: /* 110##### 10###### = 192+x 128+x */
$r = ((ord($cUtf[0]) - 192) * 64) +
(ord($cUtf[1]) - 128);
break;
case 3: /* 1110#### 10###### 10###### = 224+x 128+x 128+x */
$r = ((ord($cUtf[0]) - 224) * 4096) +
((ord($cUtf[1]) - 128) * 64) +
(ord($cUtf[2]) - 128);
break;
case 4: /* 1111#### 10###### 10###### 10###### = 240+x 128+x 128+x 128+x */
$r = ((ord($cUtf[0]) - 240) * 262144) +
((ord($cUtf[1]) - 128) * 4096) +
((ord($cUtf[2]) - 128) * 64) +
(ord($cUtf[3]) - 128);
break;
}
return $r;
}
/**
* @ignore
*/
protected function escapedChar($c)
{
$no = $this->unicodeCharNo($c);
/* see http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntrip_strings */
if ($no < 9) {
return "\\u" . sprintf('%04X', $no); /* #x0-#x8 (0-8) */
} elseif ($no == 9) {
return '\t'; /* #x9 (9) */
} elseif ($no == 10) {
return '\n'; /* #xA (10) */
} elseif ($no < 13) {
return "\\u" . sprintf('%04X', $no); /* #xB-#xC (11-12) */
} elseif ($no == 13) {
return '\r'; /* #xD (13) */
} elseif ($no < 32) {
return "\\u" . sprintf('%04X', $no); /* #xE-#x1F (14-31) */
} elseif ($no < 34) {
return $c; /* #x20-#x21 (32-33) */
} elseif ($no == 34) {
return '\"'; /* #x22 (34) */
} elseif ($no < 92) {
return $c; /* #x23-#x5B (35-91) */
} elseif ($no == 92) {
return '\\'; /* #x5C (92) */
} elseif ($no < 127) {
return $c; /* #x5D-#x7E (93-126) */
} elseif ($no < 65536) {
return "\\u" . sprintf('%04X', $no); /* #x7F-#xFFFF (128-65535) */
} elseif ($no < 1114112) {
return "\\U" . sprintf('%08X', $no); /* #x10000-#x10FFFF (65536-1114111) */
} else {
return ''; /* not defined => ignore */
}
}
/**
* @ignore
*/
protected function serialiseResource($res)
{
$escaped = $this->escapeString($res);
if (substr($res, 0, 2) == '_:') {
return $escaped;
} else {
return "<$escaped>";
}
}
/**
* Serialise an RDF value into N-Triples
*
* The value can either be an array in RDF/PHP form, or
* an EasyRdf_Literal or EasyRdf_Resource object.
*
* @param array|object $value An associative array or an object
* @throws EasyRdf_Exception
* @return string The RDF value serialised to N-Triples
*/
public function serialiseValue($value)
{
if (is_object($value)) {
$value = $value->toRdfPhp();
}
if ($value['type'] == 'uri' or $value['type'] == 'bnode') {
return $this->serialiseResource($value['value']);
} elseif ($value['type'] == 'literal') {
$escaped = $this->escapeString($value['value']);
if (isset($value['lang'])) {
$lang = $this->escapeString($value['lang']);
return '"' . $escaped . '"' . '@' . $lang;
} elseif (isset($value['datatype'])) {
$datatype = $this->escapeString($value['datatype']);
return '"' . $escaped . '"' . "^^<$datatype>";
} else {
return '"' . $escaped . '"';
}
} else {
throw new EasyRdf_Exception(
"Unable to serialise object of type '".$value['type']."' to ntriples: "
);
}
}
/**
* Serialise an EasyRdf_Graph into N-Triples
*
* @param EasyRdf_Graph $graph An EasyRdf_Graph object.
* @param string $format The name of the format to convert to.
* @param array $options
* @throws EasyRdf_Exception
* @return string The RDF in the new desired format.
*/
public function serialise($graph, $format, array $options = array())
{
parent::checkSerialiseParams($graph, $format);
if ($format == 'ntriples') {
$nt = '';
foreach ($graph->toRdfPhp() as $resource => $properties) {
foreach ($properties as $property => $values) {
foreach ($values as $value) {
$nt .= $this->serialiseResource($resource)." ";
$nt .= "<" . $this->escapeString($property) . "> ";
$nt .= $this->serialiseValue($value)." .\n";
}
}
}
return $nt;
} else {
throw new EasyRdf_Exception(
"EasyRdf_Serialiser_Ntriples does not support: $format"
);
}
}
}